About this Section
This industry includes the physical or chemical transformation of materials, substances, or components into new products, although this cannot be used as the single universal criterion for defining manufacturing. The materials, substances, or components transformed are raw materials that are products of agriculture, forestry, fishing, mining or quarrying as well as products of other manufacturing activities. Substantial alteration, renovation or reconstruction of goods is generally considered to be manufacturing.
The output of a manufacturing process may be finished in the sense that it is ready for utilisation or consumption, or it may be semi-finished in the sense that it is to become an input for further manufacturing. For example, the output of alumina refining is the input used in the primary production of aluminium; primary aluminium is the input to aluminium wire drawing; and aluminium wire is the input for the manufacture of fabricated wire products.
Manufacture of specialised components and parts of, and accessories and attachments to, machinery and equipment is, as a general rule, classified in the same class as the manufacture of the machinery and equipment for which the parts and accessories are intended. Manufacture of unspecialised components and parts of machinery and equipment, e.g. engines, pistons, electric motors, electrical assemblies, valves, gears, roller bearings, is classified in the appropriate class of manufacturing, without regard to the machinery and equipment in which these items may be included. However, making specialised components and accessories by moulding or extruding plastics materials is included in group 22.2.
Assembly of the component parts of manufactured products is considered manufacturing. This includes the assembly of manufactured products from either self-produced or purchased components.
The recovery of waste, i.e. the processing of waste into secondary raw materials is classified in group 38.3 (Materials recovery). While this may involve physical or chemical transformations, this is not considered to be a part of manufacturing. The primary purpose of these activities is considered to be the treatment or processing of waste and they are therefore classified in Section E (Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities). However, the manufacture of new final products (as opposed to secondary raw materials) is classified in manufacturing, even if these processes use waste as an input. For example, the production of silver from film waste is considered to be a manufacturing process.
Specialised maintenance and repair of industrial, commercial and similar machinery and equipment is, in general, classified in division 33 (Repair, maintenance and installation of machinery and equipment). However, the repair of computers and personal and household goods is classified in division 95 (Repair of computers and personal and household goods), while the repair of motor vehicles is classified in division 45 (Wholesale and retail trade and repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles).
The installation of machinery and equipment, when carried out as a specialised activity, is classified in 33.20.
Industries within this Section
- Manufacture of basic metals
- Manufacture of basic pharmaceutical products and pharmaceutical preparations
- Manufacture of beverages
- Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products
- Manufacture of coke and refined petroleum products
- Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products
- Manufacture of electrical equipment
- Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- Manufacture of food products
- Manufacture of furniture
- Manufacture of leather and related products
- Manufacture of machinery and equipment n.e.c.
- Manufacture of motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers
- Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products
- Manufacture of other transport equipment
- Manufacture of paper and paper products
- Manufacture of rubber and plastic products
- Manufacture of textiles
- Manufacture of tobacco products
- Manufacture of wearing apparel
- Manufacture of wood and of products of wood and cork, except furniture; manufacture of articles of straw and plaiting materials
- Other manufacturing
- Printing and reproduction of recorded media
- Repair and installation of machinery and equipment
Manufacturing industry is the second largest industry in Turkish economy
The Manufacturing industry is the second largest industry in Turkish economy in terms of industry’s share of production value. In 2017, the industry generated about 1.6 trillion TL in production value. The industry makes a major contribution to the overall performance of the Turkish economy. The industry’s total output (value added at factor costs) in 2017 from 391 thousand enterprises and about 4 million persons employed was over 344 billion TL.
Manufacturing industry's share in GDP
In Turkey, during the period 1999-2015, years of significant fluctuation in annual average growth rate of 3.8 per cent was realized in Gross Domestic Product (GDP). In this period, the average growth rate of GDP was 3.7 per cent. The deepest impact of the economic crises has been observed in the Manufacturing industry. As a matter of fact, there has been a 7.5 per cent contraction in the 2001 industrial crisis and a 7.3 per cent contraction in the 2009 crisis. When the share of GDP is examined, it is observed that there is a significant differentiation in current and fixed prices. The share of Manufacturing industry in GDP increased from 23.6 per cent in 1998 to 23.9 per cent in 2015, with a limited increase over time. However, when this share is examined in current prices, it is seen that the share of Manufacturing industry in GDP decreased from 23.6 per cent to 15.5 per cent in the same period. Although the average annual growth rate was quite close to each other, the decrease in the share of the Manufacturing industry in current prices was due to the development of relative prices against the industry. In fact, the average annual increase in the implied price deflator in this period were 14.2 per cent in Manufacturing industry. The industry implicit price deflator throughout the 1999-2018, excluding 2011 and 2014 increased below the GDP deflator. In the same period, production in the industrial products, especially in China and the developments in exchange rates limited the developments in the Manufacturing industry.
Toyota Motor Manufacturing Turkey
Toyota Motor Manufacturing Turkey is one of Toyota's vehicle production bases for European market including Turkey. Located in Arifiye, Sakarya, Turkey, Toyota Turkey manufactures Corolla and Toyota C-HR models. The Company was established in July 1990, started to export in February 2002 and manufactured the 2,000,000th vehicle in September 2017. In 2018, Toyota Turkey manufactured 257,084 automobiles (passenger cars) and this was the 2nd production volume with 25 per cent market share after Oyak Renault (production volume: 336,778 and market share: 32.8 per cent). In this period, the company exported 92.3 per cent of its production (237,451 units).
In 2017, Toyota Turkey increased its export ranking from the 7th to 2nd compared to the last year and performed export worth 4.44 billion USD. With this performance, Toyota Turkey awarded by Turkish Exporters' Assembly. Toyota Turkey is ranking in 2nd place among the first 1000 companies. Toyota Turkey worked full capacity and produced 280.000 vehicles in 2017. Of 244,000 vehicles exported, 74 per cent to Europe, 20 per cent to North America and 6 per cent to Middle East and Africa countries were exported in the same year.
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